云服务器GitLab-CI持续集成环境搭建

一、GitLab安装配置

1. 系统准备

bash
# 安装依赖
apt update
apt install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates postfix

# 添加GitLab源
curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.deb.sh | bash

# 安装GitLab
apt install gitlab-ce

2. 初始配置

ruby
# /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://gitlab.example.com'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 22
gitlab_rails['time_zone'] = 'Asia/Shanghai'

# 应用配置
gitlab-ctl reconfigure

二、Runner安装配置

1. Runner安装

bash
# 添加Runner源
curl -L "https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-runner/script.deb.sh" | bash

# 安装Runner
apt install gitlab-runner

# 启动服务
systemctl enable gitlab-runner
systemctl start gitlab-runner

2. Runner注册

bash
# 注册Runner
gitlab-runner register \
  --url "https://gitlab.example.com/" \
  --registration-token "PROJECT_REGISTRATION_TOKEN" \
  --description "docker-runner" \
  --executor "docker" \
  --docker-image "docker:latest"

三、CI/CD配置

1. GitLab CI配置

yaml
# .gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
  - build
  - test
  - deploy

build_job:
  stage: build
  script:
    - mvn clean package
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - target/*.jar

test_job:
  stage: test
  script:
    - mvn test

deploy_job:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - bash deploy.sh
  only:
    - master

2. Runner执行器配置

toml
# config.toml
[[runners]]
  name = "docker-runner"
  url = "https://gitlab.example.com/"
  token = "PROJECT_TOKEN"
  executor = "docker"
  [runners.docker]
    tls_verify = false
    image = "docker:latest"
    privileged = true
    disable_cache = false
    volumes = ["/cache"]

四、环境变量与缓存

1. 变量配置

yaml
variables:
  MAVEN_OPTS: "-Dmaven.repo.local=.m2/repository"
  DOCKER_HOST: "tcp://docker:2375"

cache:
  key: ${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}
  paths:
    - .m2/repository/
    - node_modules/

2. Docker缓存

yaml
build:
  stage: build
  script:
    - docker build -t $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA .
    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
  cache:
    paths:
      - .docker

五、Pipeline优化

1. 并行任务

yaml
test_unit:
  stage: test
  parallel: 3
  script:
    - mvn test -Dtest=TestClass

test_integration:
  stage: test
  script:
    - mvn verify

2. 条件执行

yaml
deploy_prod:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - deploy_to_production
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "master"'
      when: manual
    - when: never

六、监控与通知

1. 监控配置

ruby
# gitlab.rb
prometheus['enable'] = true
grafana['enable'] = true

# 应用配置
gitlab-ctl reconfigure

2. 通知配置

yaml
notification:
  stage: .post
  script:
    - |
      curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
      --data '{"text":"Pipeline finished"}' \
      $WEBHOOK_URL
  rules:
    - when: always

最佳实践建议

1. Pipeline设计

• 保持任务简单
• 合理使用缓存
• 配置并行执行
• 设置超时限制

2. Runner管理

• 合理分配资源
• 使用标签管理
• 定期清理缓存
• 监控运行状态

3. 安全配置

• 使用安全变量
• 限制权限范围
• 配置访问控制
• 审计日志记录

本指南为您提供了在云服务器上搭建GitLab-CI持续集成环境的完整方案。记住，CI/CD环境的配置是一个需要持续优化的过程，建议根据实际项目需求进行调整。

重要提示：

1. 定期更新GitLab版本
2. 监控Runner状态
3. 优化构建性能
4. 做好备份计划

同时，建议加入GitLab社区，及时了解最新的特性和最佳实践。对于生产环境的CI/CD系统，要建立完善的监控机制，确保构建流程的稳定性和安全性。